What are Arrays?

An array is a collection of elements (values) stored in a single variable. Each element in an array can be accessed by its index (position), starting from 0.

Think of an array like a row of boxes, each containing a value:

• Box 0 contains the first element
• Box 1 contains the second element
• Box 2 contains the third element
• And so on…

Why Use Arrays?

• Store multiple values in one variable
• Easy to access values by position
• Useful for loops (process many items at once)
• Organize related data together

// CODE_RUNNER: Add or remove a new value in the array and see what happens!

let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange", "grape"];

console.log("My array of fruits:");
console.log(fruits);
console.log();

console.log("First fruit (index 0):", fruits[0]);
console.log("Third fruit (index 2):", fruits[2]);
console.log();


console.log("Number of fruits:", fruits.length);

Modifying Arrays

You can change, add, or remove elements from an array:

// CODE_RUNNER: Practice modifying arrays by changing, adding, and removing elements!

// Start with an array
let colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
console.log(colors);
console.log();

// Change an element
colors[1] = "yellow";
console.log(colors);
console.log();

// Add an element
colors.push("purple");
console.log(colors);
console.log();

// Remove an element
colors.splice(colors.indexOf("red"), 1);
console.log(colors);

Looping Through Arrays

Arrays are powerful when combined with loops. You can process each element without writing it by hand:

// CODE_RUNNER: Modify the numbers array to see different outputs

// Using a for loop to go through each element
let numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50];

console.log("Numbers in the array:");
for (let num of numbers) {
    console.log(num);
}

console.log();
console.log("Double each number:");
for (let num of numbers) {
    console.log(num * 2);
}

console.log();
console.log("Using index to access elements:");
for (let i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
    // conversion fails with template literals
    console.log(`Index ${i}: ${numbers[i]}`);
    // conversion works with concat
    console.log("Index " + i + ": " + numbers[i] );

}

Real-World Example: Student Grades

Let’s calculate the average grade of students:

// CODE_RUNNER: Change the student grades to yours in the array to see different results

// Array of student grades
let grades = [85, 92, 78, 95, 88, 91];

// Calculate the sum
let total = 0;
for (let grade of grades) {
    total = total + grade;
}

// Calculate the average
let average = total / grades.length;

console.log(`Student grades: ${grades}`);
console.log(`Total points: ${total}`);
console.log(`Number of students: ${grades.length}`);
console.log(`Average grade: ${average.toFixed(1)}`);
console.log();

// Find the highest and lowest grades
console.log(`Highest grade: ${Math.max(...grades)}`);
console.log(`Lowest grade: ${Math.min(...grades)}`);

Key Takeaways

✅ Arrays store multiple values in a single variable
✅ Index starts at 0 for the first element
✅ Access elements using array[index]
✅ Use loops to process all elements
✅ Common operations: append, remove, change, loop, sum, average

Arrays are one of the most important data structures in programming. Master them and you’ll be able to solve many problems efficiently!

Arrays Homework 🎯

Welcome to the Arrays homework! These exercises will help you practice the key array concepts from the lesson: accessing elements, modifying arrays, looping through arrays, and performing calculations.

Complete all exercises below. Good luck! 💪

---

Exercise 1: Array Basics - Access Elements

Create an array with 5 different items (could be favorite movies, books, games, etc.). Then:

1. Print the entire array
2. Access and print the first element (index 0)
3. Access and print the last element
4. Print the total number of items in the array

// CODE_RUNNER: Exercise 1 - Array Basics

// Create an array with 5 favorite movies
let favoriteMovies = ["The Shawshank Redemption", "Inception", "The Dark Knight", "Pulp Fiction", "Forrest Gump"];

// 1. Print the entire array
console.log("Entire array:", favoriteMovies);

// 2. Access and print the first element (index 0)
console.log("First element:", favoriteMovies[0]);

// 3. Access and print the last element
console.log("Last element:", favoriteMovies[favoriteMovies.length - 1]);

// 4. Print the total number of items in the array
console.log("Total number of items:", favoriteMovies.length);

Exercise 2: Modify Arrays

Start with this shopping list: ["milk", "eggs", "bread", "cheese"] Then perform these operations:

1. Print the original array
2. Change the second item to “butter”
3. Add “yogurt” to the end using push()
4. Remove “bread” from the array
5. Print the final array

// CODE_RUNNER: Exercise 2 - Arrays Manipulation

// Start with the shopping list
let shoppingList = ["milk", "eggs", "bread", "cheese"];

// 1. Print the original array
console.log("Original array:", shoppingList);

// 2. Change the second item (index 1) to "butter"
shoppingList[1] = "butter";

// 3. Add "yogurt" to the end using push()
shoppingList.push("yogurt");

// 4. Remove "bread" from the array (use splice to find and remove it)
let breadIndex = shoppingList.indexOf("bread");
if (breadIndex > -1) {
  shoppingList.splice(breadIndex, 1);
}

// 5. Print the final array
console.log("Final array:", shoppingList);

Exercise 3: Loop Through an Array

Create an array with 5 numbers: [10, 25, 30, 15, 20]

Write a loop that:

1. Prints each number with a message (e.g., “Number: 10”)
2. Prints each number multiplied by 2
3. Calculates and prints the sum of all numbers

// CODE_RUNNER: Exercise 3 - Loop Through an Array

// Create an array with 5 numbers
let numbers = [10, 25, 30, 15, 20];

// 1. Print each number with a message
console.log("--- Each number with a message ---");
for (let i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
  console.log("Number: " + numbers[i]);
}

// 2. Print each number multiplied by 2
console.log("--- Each number multiplied by 2 ---");
for (let i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
  console.log(numbers[i] + " * 2 = " + (numbers[i] * 2));
}

// 3. Calculate and print the sum of all numbers
let sum = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
  sum += numbers[i];
}
console.log("Sum of all numbers: " + sum);

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